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To Lord Stanhope
''To Lord Stanhope'' was written by Samuel Taylor Coleridge and published in his 1796 collection of poems. The subject, Charles Stanhope, 3rd Earl Stanhope, was an individual that Coleridge shared many political beliefs with but slowly separated from him intellectually. By 1803, Coleridge was claiming that he did not want the poem published anymore and that it was originally intended to mock those who held the beliefs Coleridge held years earlier. It is part of the ''Sonnets on Eminent Characters'' series, although it was not published in the ''Morning Chronicle'' unlike the others in the series. There is, however, a possible predecessor sonnet to the 1796 version that some editors have attributed to Coleridge.
==Background==
Coleridge had an 11 sonnet series in the ''Morning Chronicle'' called ''Sonnets on Eminent Characters'' that ran between 1 December 1794 and 29 January 1795. Early on, Coleridge told Robert Southey, in an 11 December 1794 letter, that 10 of the sonnets were completed and 6 were planned. After the 11th was written, the series was stopped. In a 10 March 1795 letter to George Dyer, Coleridge stated that he planned five more poems, with only one addressed to Lord Stanhope being written. The first appearance of the poem was in Coleridge's 1796 collection of poems and not in the ''Morning Chronicle'' like the original series.〔Mays 2001 pp. 155, 191〕 During the early 1790s, Coleridge held many radical political beliefs, which included a system of government called Pantisocracy. However, after plans for a Pantisocratic community fell apart, Coleridge's radically shifted to something similar to what was being promoted by Stanhope.〔Taussig 2002 p. 151〕
Unlike his brother-in-law the Prime Minister William Pitt, Stanhope supported the French Revolution which earned him praise. Previously, Coleridge attacked Pitt and Pitt's views as being against liberty. However, by the time Coleridge would have had the poem printed for his 1796 collection of poems, he changed his mind on Stanhope and the poem was not to be reprinted in later collections. However, it still was printed in the 1803 collection.〔Mays 2001 pp. 160, 191〕 In a note to Sara Hutchingson's copy of the 1803 edition of Coleridge's poetry, Coleridge stated, "infamous Insertion! It was written in ridicule of Jacobinical (Bombast), put into the first Edition by a blunder of Cottle's, rejected indignantly from the second—& here maliciously reprinted in my Absence."〔Mays 2001 qtd p. 191〕
Another poem, called "To Lord Stanhope on Reading his Late Protest in the House of Lords", written under the name "One of the People" and printed in the 31 January 1795 ''Morning Chronicle'' was also attributed to Coleridge.〔 The attribution of the poem to Coleridge has been argued as the precursor to the 1796 edition of the poem while other editors have disputed it as Coleridge's and authorship is uncertain. Another sonnet, called "Written on Contemplating a Very Fine Setting Sun. To Lord Stanhope" was printed in the 21 February 1795 ''Cambridge Intelligencer''. Although it has been argued as possibly being Coleridge's, it too cannot be definitively attributed as his.〔Mays 2001 I.II pp. 263–264〕
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